MongoDB 命令

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MongoDB 数据库常用命令

  • 连接数据库
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$ mongo --host localhost --port 27017 -u '' -p ''
MongoDB shell version v4.0.10
connecting to: mongodb://localhost:27017/?gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("00722255-7236-47ae-85f4-6c731115fac9")}
MongoDB server version: 4.0.10
  • Help查看命令提示
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help
db.help();
db.yourColl.help();
  • 切换/创建数据库
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// 当创建一个集合(table)的时候会自动创建当前数据库
use test_mongo_1
switched to db test_mongo_1
  • 查看所有数据库
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show dbs
admin       0.000GB
config      0.000GB
local       0.000GB
mongo_test  0.000GB
mongodb     0.000GB
  • 删除当前使用数据库
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use mongodb;
switched to db mongodb
db.dropDatabase();
{ "dropped" : "mongodb", "ok" : 1 }
  • 从指定主机上克隆数据库
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db.cloneDatabase("127.0.0.1");
  • 从指定的机器上复制到指定数据库到某个数据库
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// 将本机的 mongo_test 的数据复制到 mongodb 数据库中
db.copyDatabase("mongo_test", "mongodb", "127.0.0.1");
WARNING: db.copyDatabase is deprecated. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/copydb-clone-deprecation
{
        "note" : "Support for the copydb command has been deprecated. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/copydb-clone-deprecation",
        "ok" : 1
}

MongoDB 4.0不推荐使用copydb 和clone命令及其 ~bin.mongo shell帮助程序db.copyDatabase（）和 db.cloneDatabase（）。

作为替代方案，用户可以使用mongodump和 mongorestore或写入使用驱动程序的脚本。

  • 修复当前数据库
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db.repairDatabase();
{ "ok" : 1 }
  • 显示当前数据库状态
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db.stats();
{
    "db" : "mongodb",
    "collections" : 1,
    "views" : 0,
    "objects" : 3,
    "avgObjSize" : 65,
    "dataSize" : 195,
    "storageSize" : 16384,
    "numExtents" : 0,
    "indexes" : 1,
    "indexSize" : 16384,
    "fsUsedSize" : 70578573312,
    "fsTotalSize" : 107377324032,
    "ok" : 1
}
  • 查看当前使用的数据库
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db.getName();
mongodb
  • 查看当前数据库版本
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db.version();
4.0.10
  • 查看当前数据库的连接服务器地址
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db.getMongo();
connection to localhost:27017
  • 查看/清除 之前的错误信息
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db.getPrevError();
{ "err" : null, "n" : 0, "nPrev" : -1, "ok" : 1 }

db.resetError();
{ "ok" : 1 }

MongoDB Collection 集合

  • 创建一个集合(table)
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db.createCollection("coll_test", {size:20, capped: 5, max: 100});
{ "ok" : 1 }
  • 判断集合是否为定容量
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db.coll_test.isCapped(5);
true
  • 查看指定名称的集合(table)
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db.getCollection("mongo_test");
mongo_test.mongo_test
  • 查看当前db的所有集合
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db.getCollectionNames();
[ "coll_test", "mongo_test" ]
  • 查看当前集合所有集合索引的状态
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db.printCollectionStats();
  • 查看指定集合的数据条数
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db.mongo_test.count();
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  • 查看指定集合数据空间大小
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db.mongo_test.dataSize();
195
  • 查看当前集合所在的db
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db.mongo_test.getDB();
mongo_test
  • 查看当前集合的状态
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db.coll.stats();
{
    "ns" : "mongo_test.coll",
    "ok" : 0,
    "errmsg" : "Collection [mongo_test.coll] not found."
}
  • 查看指定集合总大小
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db.mongo_test.totalSize();
73728
  • 查看指定集合存储空间大小
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db.mongo_test.storageSize();
36864
  • 集合重命名
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db.coll_test.renameCollection("mongo_coll");
{ "ok" : 1 }
db.getCollectionNames();
[ "mongo_coll", "mongo_test" ]
  • 删除当前集合
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db.getCollectionNames();
[ "mongo_coll", "mongo_test" ]
db.mongo_coll.drop();
true
db.getCollectionNames();
[ "mongo_test" ]

MongoDB 用户相关

  • 创建一个用户
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// 添加用户、设置密码、是否只读
db.createUser({user: 'caoxl', pwd: '110119', roles: [{role: 'readWrite', db: 'mongo_test'}]});
Successfully added user: {
    "user" : "caoxl",
    "roles" : [
        {
                "role" : "readWrite",
                "db" : "mongo_test"
        }
    ]
}
  • 数据库认证、安全模式登录
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db.auth("caoxl", "110119");
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  • 显示当前所有用户
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show users;
{
    "_id" : "mongo_test.caoxl",
    "userId" : UUID("3ac6d4e3-ef04-45a6-80eb-8bd4b580ba9f"),
    "user" : "caoxl",
    "db" : "mongo_test",
    "roles" : [
        {
            "role" : "readWrite",
            "db" : "mongo_test"
        }
    ],
    "mechanisms" : [
        "SCRAM-SHA-1",
        "SCRAM-SHA-256"
    ]
}
  • 删除用户
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db.dropUser("caoxl");
true

MongoDB 集合查询

  • 查询指定集合所有记录
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db.mongo_test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c62e8fb10c51c07d47b1"), "key_1" : "value_1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c7528fb10c51c07d47b3"), "key_2" : "value_2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71d685f343000023004253"), "name" : "test_name_1", "info" : "更新后的信息", "updated_at" : ISODate("2019-09-06T03:49:18Z"), "created_at" :ISODate("2019-09-06T03:46:13Z") }

默认每页显示20条记录，当显示不下的情况下，可以用it迭代命令查询下一页数据。注意：键入it命令不能带”;”
但是你可以设置每页显示数据的大小，用DBQuery.shellBatchSize= 50;这样每页就显示50条记录了。

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DBQuery.shellBatchSize=2;
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db.mongo_test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c62e8fb10c51c07d47b1"), "key_1" : "value_1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c7528fb10c51c07d47b3"), "key_2" : "value_2" }
Type "it" for more
it
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71d685f343000023004253"), "name" : "test_name_1", "info" : "更新后的信息", "updated_at" : ISODate("2019-09-06T03:49:18Z"), "created_at" :ISODate("2019-09-06T03:46:13Z") }
  • 查询去重后的数据
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db.mongo_test.distinct("name");
[ "test_name_1" ]
  • 查看 key_1 = ‘value_1’ 的记录
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db.mongo_test.find({"key_1": "value_1"});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c62e8fb10c51c07d47b1"), "key_1" : "value_1" }
  • 条件查询
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MongoDB中条件操作符有：
(>) 大于 – $gt
(<) 小于 – $lt
(>=) 大于等于 – $gte
(<= ) 小于等于 – $lte

db.userInfo.find({age: {$gt: 22}});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where age>22;
 
db.userInfo.find({age: {$lt: 22}});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where age<22;

db.userInfo.find({age: {$gte: 25}});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where age >= 25;
 
db.userInfo.find({age: {$lte: 25}});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where age <= 25;
  • and查询
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db.userInfo.find({age: {$gte: 23, $lte: 26}});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo wher age >=23 and age <=26

db.userInfo.find({name: 'raykaeso', age: 22});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where name = 'raykaeso' and age = '22′;
  • or查询
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db.userInfo.find({$or: [{age: 22}, {age: 25}]});
// 相当于：select * from userInfo where age = 22 or age = 25;
  • 字符模糊查询
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db.mongo_test.find({name: /test_name/});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71d685f343000023004253"), "name" : "test_name_1", "info" : "更新后的信息", "updated_at" : ISODate("2019-09-06T03:49:18Z"), "created_at" :ISODate("2019-09-06T03:46:13Z") }
  • 查询指定列数据
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db.userInfo.find({}, {name: 1, age: 1});
// 相当于：select name, age from userInfo;
// 当然name也可以用true或false
  • 按条件查询指定列数据
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db.userInfo.find({age: {$gt: 25}}, {name: 1, age: 1});
// 相当于：select name, age from userInfo where age <25;
  • 排序
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升序: db.userInfo.find().sort({age: 1});
降序: db.userInfo.find().sort({age: -1});
  • 查询前n条数据
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db.mongo_test.find().limit(2);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c62e8fb10c51c07d47b1"), "key_1" : "value_1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c7528fb10c51c07d47b3"), "key_2" : "value_2" }
  • 查询n条以后的数据
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db.mongo_test.find().skip(2);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71d685f343000023004253"), "name" : "test_name_1", "info" : "更新后的信息", "updated_at" : ISODate("2019-09-06T03:49:18Z"), "created_at" :ISODate("2019-09-06T03:46:13Z") }
  • 分页查询数据
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db.mongo_test.find().limit(2).skip(1);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c7528fb10c51c07d47b3"), "key_2" : "value_2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71d685f343000023004253"), "name" : "test_name_1", "info" : "更新后的信息", "updated_at" : ISODate("2019-09-06T03:49:18Z"), "created_at" :ISODate("2019-09-06T03:46:13Z") }
  • 查询第一条数据
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db.mongo_test.findOne();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d71c62e8fb10c51c07d47b1"), "key_1" : "value_1" }
  • 数据求和
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db.mongo_test.find().count();
3

MongoDB 索引

  • 创建索引
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db.mongo_test.ensureIndex({test_index: 1});
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}

db.mongo_test.ensureIndex({test_index_1: 1, ts: -1});
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 2,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 3,
    "ok" : 1
}
  • 查看当前集合所有索引
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db.mongo_test.getIndexes();
[
    {
        "v" : 2,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
    },
    {
        "v" : 2,
        "key" : {
            "test_index" : 1
        },
        "name" : "test_index_1",
        "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
    },
    {
        "v" : 2,
        "key" : {
            "test_index_1" : 1,
            "ts" : -1
        },
        "name" : "test_index_1_1_ts_-1",
        "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
    }
]
  • 查看总索引记录大小
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db.mongo_test.totalIndexSize();
69632
  • 查看当前集合的所有索引信息
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db.mongo_test.reIndex();
{
    "nIndexesWas" : 3,
    "nIndexes" : 3,
    "indexes" : [
        {
            "v" : 2,
            "key" : {
                    "_id" : 1
            },
            "name" : "_id_",
            "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
        },
        {
            "v" : 2,
            "key" : {
                    "test_index" : 1
            },
            "name" : "test_index_1",
            "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
        },
        {
            "v" : 2,
            "key" : {
                    "test_index_1" : 1,
                    "ts" : -1
            },
            "name" : "test_index_1_1_ts_-1",
            "ns" : "mongo_test.mongo_test"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
  • 删除指定索引
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db.mongo_test.dropIndex("test_index_1");
{ "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 }
  • 删除所有索引
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db.mongo_test.dropIndexes();
{
    "nIndexesWas" : 1,
    "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection",
    "ok" : 1
}

MongoDB 增删改 集合数据

  • 添加数据
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db.mongo_test.save({name: 'caoxl', age: '25', sex: true});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

添加的数据的数据列，没有固定，根据添加的数据为准

  • 修改数据
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db.mongo_test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d7217cca3a236aae02357ca"), "name" : "caoxl", "age" : "25","sex" : true }

db.mongo_test.update({"age": "25"}, {$set: {name: 'changeName'}}, false, true);
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

db.mongo_test.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d7217cca3a236aae02357ca"), "name" : "changeName", "age" : "25", "sex" : true }
  • 删除数据
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db.mongo_test.remove({"age": "25"});
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
  • 查询修改删除
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db.mongo_test.findAndModify({
    query: {age: {$gte: 25}},
    update: {$set: {"name": "caoxl"}, $inc: {"age": 2}},
    remove: false
});

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