Linux 系统管理及IPC资源管理

Linux 阅读量

Linux 系统管理及IPC资源管理

系统管理

查询系统版本

  • 查看Linux系统版本:
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[root@caoxl ~]# uname -a
Linux caoxl 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 16 16:29:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

# 或者
lsb_release -a

查询硬件信息

  • 查看CPU使用情况:
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[root@caoxl ~]# sar -u 5 10
Linux 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 (caoxl) 	08/24/2018 	_x86_64_	(1 CPU)

10:26:12 AM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
10:26:17 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.60
10:26:22 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.80
10:26:27 AM     all      0.40      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.40
10:26:32 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.00      0.80      0.00     99.00
10:26:37 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.60
10:26:42 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.60
10:26:47 AM     all      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00    100.00
10:26:52 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.80
10:26:57 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.60
10:27:02 AM     all      0.20      0.00      0.20      0.00      0.00     99.60
Average:        all      0.18      0.00      0.14      0.08      0.00     99.60
  • 查询CPU信息:
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[root@caoxl ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 79
model name	: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2682 v4 @ 2.50GHz
stepping	: 1
microcode	: 0x1
cpu MHz		: 2499.996
cache size	: 40960 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 1
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 1
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 13
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt spec_ctrl intel_stibp
bogomips	: 4999.99
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
  • 查看CPU的核的个数:
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[root@caoxl ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l
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  • 查看内存信息:
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[root@caoxl ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        1015436 kB
MemFree:          117588 kB
MemAvailable:     526340 kB
Buffers:           77540 kB
Cached:           426928 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           641068 kB
Inactive:         138596 kB
Active(anon):     275492 kB
Inactive(anon):     2368 kB
Active(file):     365576 kB
Inactive(file):   136228 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:                16 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:        275228 kB
Mapped:            37868 kB
Shmem:              2664 kB
Slab:              84628 kB
SReclaimable:      69448 kB
SUnreclaim:        15180 kB
KernelStack:        2928 kB
PageTables:        10428 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:      507716 kB
Committed_AS:     890020 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:        8812 kB
VmallocChunk:   34359719676 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:     57344 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:       63360 kB
DirectMap2M:      985088 kB
DirectMap1G:           0 kB
  • 显示内存page大小（以KByte为单位）:
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[root@caoxl ~]# pagesize
4096

# 安装pagesize
[root@caoxl ~]# yum search pagesize
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
===================================== Matched: pagesize ======================================
libhugetlbfs-utils.x86_64 : Userspace utilities for configuring the hugepage environment

[root@caoxl ~]# yum install -y libhugetlbfs-utils
  • 显示架构:
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[root@caoxl ~]# arch
x86_64

设置系统时间

  • 显示当前系统时间:
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[root@caoxl ~]# date
Fri Aug 24 10:31:05 CST 2018
  • 设置系统日期和时间(格式为2018-8-24 10:30:00):
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date -s 2018-8-24 10:30:00
date -s 2018-8-24
date -s 10:30:00
  • 设置时区:
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选择时区信息。命令为：tzselect
根据系统提示，选择相应的时区信息。

[root@caoxl ~]# tzselect
Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.
Please select a continent or ocean.
 1) Africa
 2) Americas
 3) Antarctica
 4) Arctic Ocean
 5) Asia
 6) Atlantic Ocean
 7) Australia
 8) Europe
 9) Indian Ocean
10) Pacific Ocean
11) none - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.
  • 强制把系统时间写入CMOS（这样，重启后时间也正确了）:
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[root@caoxl ~]# clock -w

设置系统时间需要root用户权限.

  • 格式化输出当前日期时间:
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[root@caoxl ~]# date +%Y%m%d.%H%M%S
20180824.103400

IPC资源管理

IPC资源查询

  • 查看系统使用的IPC资源:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs

------ Message Queues --------
key        msqid      owner      perms      used-bytes   messages    

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key        semid      owner      perms      nsems
  • 查看系统使用的IPC共享内存资源:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
  • 查看系统使用的IPC队列资源:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs -q

------ Message Queues --------
key        msqid      owner      perms      used-bytes   messages
  • 查看系统使用的IPC信号量资源:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs -s

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key        semid      owner      perms      nsems

应用示例：查看IPC资源被谁占用

有个IPCKEY：51036 ，需要查询其是否被占用；

  1. 首先通过计算器将其转为十六进制:

51036 -> c75c

  1. 如果知道是被共享内存占用:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs -m | grep c75c
  1. 如果不确定，则直接查找:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ipcs | grep c75c

检测和设置系统资源限制

  • 显示当前所有的系统资源 limit 信息:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 3883
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 65535
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 65535
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited
  • 对生成的 core 文件的大小不进行限制:
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[root@caoxl ~]# ulimit -c unlimited

总结

uname sar arch date ipcs ulimit

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