当新搭建服务器或者维护不熟悉的服务器环境时,难免会碰到自己想用的命令或组件不存在的情况。如何通过包管理软件,方便地找到命令或组件对应的package进行安装?下面介绍三种方法。
名称搜索
一种直观方法就是,猜测命令或组件与安装包同名或包含,尝试搜索安装。比如,想安装redis数据库:
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| [root@caoxl ~]# yum search redis Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile ===================================== N/S matched: redis ===================================== collectd-redis.x86_64 : Redis plugin for collectd collectd-write_redis.x86_64 : Redis output plugin for collectd hiredis.x86_64 : Minimalistic C client library for Redis hiredis-devel.x86_64 : Development files for hiredis opensips-redis.x86_64 : Redis connector pcp-pmda-redis.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for Redis perl-Apache-Session-Redis.noarch : Redis driver for Apache::Session::NoSQL perl-Redis.noarch : Perl binding for Redis database php-nrk-Predis.noarch : PHP client library for Redis php-pecl-redis.x86_64 : Extension for communicating with the Redis key-value store php-phpiredis.x86_64 : Client extension for Redis python-redis.noarch : Python 2 interface to the Redis key-value store python-trollius-redis.noarch : Redis client for the Python event loop PEP3156 for Trollius. python2-django-redis.noarch : Full featured redis cache backend for Django redis-trib.noarch : Cluster management script for Redis rubygem-redis.noarch : A Ruby client library for Redis rubygem-redis-doc.noarch : Documentation for rubygem-redis syslog-ng-redis.x86_64 : redis support for syslog-ng uwsgi-logger-redis.x86_64 : uWSGI - redislog logger plugin uwsgi-router-redis.x86_64 : uWSGI - Plugin for Redis router support redis.x86_64 : A persistent key-value database
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
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搜索repo的相关命令:
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| yum search {cmd}
apt-cache search {cmd}
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command-not-found组件:自动提示命令
command-not-found
组件,支持在命令未找到时,提示对应的安装命令语句
command-not-found的安装方法:
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yum install -y PackageKit-command-not-found
apt-get install command-not-found
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文件反查安装包
果在身边其他的环境中,已经安装了相应的命令或组件,可以通过已安装的文件反查对应的安装包,如查找ss命令:
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| [root@caoxl ~] /usr/sbin/ss [root@caoxl ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/ss iproute-4.11.0-14.el7.x86_64
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反查文件对应安装包的命令:
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| rpm -qf {file}
dpkg -S {file}
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另外,ubuntu
的apt-file
命令也支持安装包包含的文件反查安装包,即使未安装该安装包。
当然,终极大招就是:互联网上搜索!