Linux 「查看命令」

Linux 阅读量

Linux 查询系统信息以及一些别的参数的命令集合

系统

  • cat /etc/redhat-release - 查看安装的操作系统版本
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz linux]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
  • uname -a - 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# uname -a
Linux izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz 3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon May 21 23:36:36 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
  • head -n 1 /etc/issue - 查看操作系统版本
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# head -n 1 /etc/issue
\S
  • cat /proc/cpuinfo - 查看CPU信息
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 79
model name	: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2682 v4 @ 2.50GHz
stepping	: 1
microcode	: 0x1
cpu MHz		: 2494.222
cache size	: 40960 KB
...
  • hostname - 查看计算机名
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# hostname
izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz
  • lspci -tv - 列出所有PCI设备

安装lspci

  • CentOs: yum install pciutils
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# lspci -tv
-[0000:00]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
           +-01.0  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.1  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.2  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.3  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
           +-02.0  Cirrus Logic GD 5446
           +-03.0  Red Hat, Inc Virtio network device
           +-04.0  Red Hat, Inc Virtio console
           +-05.0  Red Hat, Inc Virtio block device
           +-06.0  Red Hat, Inc Virtio block device
           +-07.0  Red Hat, Inc Virtio memory balloon
           \-08.0  Red Hat, Inc Device 1014
  • lsusb -tv - 列出所有USB设备

安装lsusb

  • CentOs: yum install usbutils
  • Debian: apt-get install usbutils
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# lsusb -tv
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=HID, Driver=usbhid, 12M
  • lsmod - 列出加载的内核模块
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
sb_edac                32034  0 
iosf_mbi               14990  0 
crc32_pclmul           13133  0 
ghash_clmulni_intel    13273  0 
aesni_intel           189415  0 
lrw                    13286  1 aesni_intel
gf128mul               15139  1 lrw
glue_helper            13990  1 aesni_intel
ablk_helper            13597  1 aesni_intel
...
  • env - 查看环境变量
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# env
XDG_SESSION_ID=1322
HOSTNAME=izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz
TERM=xterm
SHELL=/bin/bash
HISTSIZE=1000
SSH_CLIENT=61.140.75.213 27033 22
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
USER=root
...

资源

  • free -m - 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            991         143         156           2         691         674
Swap:             0           0           0
  • df -h - 查看各分区使用情况
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        40G  4.4G   33G  12% /
devtmpfs        486M     0  486M   0% /dev
tmpfs           496M     0  496M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           496M  472K  496M   1% /run
tmpfs           496M     0  496M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           100M     0  100M   0% /run/user/0
  • du -sh <目录名> - 查看指定目录的大小
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# 
[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# du -sh test
16K	test
  • grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo - 查看内存总量
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        1015436 kB
  • grep MemFree /proc/meminfo - 查看空闲内存量
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo
MemFree:          160156 kB
  • uptime - 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# uptime
 10:35:49 up 7 days, 17:33,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
  • cat /proc/loadavg - 查看系统负载
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# cat /proc/loadavg
0.00 0.01 0.05 2/120 22010

磁盘和分区

  • mount | column -t - 查看挂接的分区状态
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# mount | column -t
sysfs       on  /sys                             type  sysfs       (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc        on  /proc                            type  proc        (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs    on  /dev                             type  devtmpfs    (rw,nosuid,size=497116k,nr_inodes=124279,mode=755)
securityfs  on  /sys/kernel/security             type  securityfs  (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs       on  /dev/shm                         type  tmpfs       (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts      on  /dev/pts                         type  devpts      (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs       on  /run                             type  tmpfs       (rw,nosuid,nodev,mode=755)
...
  • fdisk -l - 查看所有分区
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83884031    41940992   83  Linux
  • swapon -s - 查看所有交换分区
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# swapon -s
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
  • hdparm -i /dev/had - 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)

安装hdparm

  • CentOs: yum install hdparm -y 
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz dev]# hdparm -i /dev/disk

/dev/disk:
 HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
 HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
  • dmesg | grep IDE - 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# dmesg | grep IDE
[    0.123640] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x10: [io  0x01f0-0x01f7]
[    0.123642] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x14: [io  0x03f6]
[    0.123643] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x18: [io  0x0170-0x0177]
[    0.123645] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x1c: [io  0x0376]

网络

  • ifconfig - 查看所有网络接口的属性
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.31.45.94  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.31.47.255
        ether 00:16:3e:01:a4:4f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 374364  bytes 214011595 (204.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 224541  bytes 36447017 (34.7 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1408  bytes 1195160 (1.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1408  bytes 1195160 (1.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
  • iptables -L - 查看防火墙设置
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
  • route -n - 查看路由表
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.31.47.253   0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 eth0
172.31.32.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.240.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
  • netstat -lntp - 查看所有监听端口
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2236/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2256/php-fpm: maste 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1349/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2236/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1443/sshd
  • netstat -antp - 查看所有已经建立的连接
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# 
[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# netstat -antp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2236/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2256/php-fpm: maste 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1349/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2236/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1443/sshd           
tcp        0      0 172.31.45.94:36556      140.205.140.205:80      ESTABLISHED 2798/AliYunDun      
tcp        0     52 172.31.45.94:22         61.140.75.213:27033     ESTABLISHED 21941/sshd: root@pt
  • netstat -s - 查看网络统计信息
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# netstat -s
Ip:
    262879 total packets received
    0 forwarded
    0 incoming packets discarded
    262877 incoming packets delivered
    215178 requests sent out
    324 dropped because of missing route
Icmp:
...

进程

  • ps -ef - 查看所有进程
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:05 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
root         2     0  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:02 [ksoftirqd/0]
root         5     2  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root         7     2  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]
...
  • top - 实时显示进程状态
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top - 10:51:41 up 7 days, 17:48,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks:  69 total,   1 running,  68 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.7 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  1015436 total,   155664 free,   147448 used,   712324 buff/cache
KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used.   690456 avail Mem
...

用户

  • w - 查看活跃用户
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# w
 10:52:27 up 7 days, 17:49,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    61.140.75.213    10:13    3.00s  0.05s  0.00s w
  • id <用户名> - 查看指定用户信息
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# id git
uid=1002(git) gid=1002(git) groups=1002(git)
  • last - 查看用户登录信息
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# last
root     pts/0        61.140.75.213    Tue Jul  3 10:54   still logged in   
root     pts/0        61.140.75.213    Tue Jul  3 10:13 - 10:54  (00:41)    
root     pts/0        61.140.75.213    Tue Jul  3 10:12 - 10:13  (00:01)    
...
  • cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd - 查看系统所有用户
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
...
  • cut -d: -f1 /etc/group - 查看系统所有组
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/group
root
bin
daemon
sys
adm
tty
disk
lp
mem
...
  • crontab -l - 查看当前用户的计划任务
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[root@izj6c6djex81rijczh0t8yz ~]# crontab -l
47 20 * * * curl https://caoxl.com/Aliyun/api_demo/SmsDemo.php

服务

  • chkconfig --list - 列出所有系统服务
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# chkconfig --list
aegis          	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
agentwatch     	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
atd            	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
auditd         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
blk-availability	0:off	1:on	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
cloud-config   	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
cloud-final    	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
...
  • chkconfig --list | grep on - 列出所有启动的系统服务
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# chkconfig --list | grep on
aegis          	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
agentwatch     	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
atd            	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
auditd         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
blk-availability	0:off	1:on	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
cloud-config   	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
cloud-final    	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
cloud-init     	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
...

程序

  • rpm -qa - 查看所有安装的软件包
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# rpm -qa
expat-2.0.1-13.el6_8.x86_64
python-libs-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64
basesystem-10.0-4.el6.noarch
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-40.el6.noarch
...
  • rpm -qa | grep git - 查看指定的已安装的软件包
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[root@shuidianbang ~]# rpm -qa | grep git
xz-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64
git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64
xz-libs-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64
libpcap-1.4.0-4.20130826git2dbcaa1.el6.x86_64
xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.5.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64
tcpdump-4.0.0-11.20090921gitdf3cb4.2.el6.x86_64

参考

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