Linux查找命令或组件对应安装包的方法

当新搭建服务器或者维护不熟悉的服务器环境时,难免会碰到自己想用的命令或组件不存在的情况。如何通过包管理软件,方便地找到命令或组件对应的package进行安装?下面介绍三种方法。

名称搜索

一种直观方法就是,猜测命令或组件与安装包同名或包含,尝试搜索安装。比如,想安装redis数据库:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
[root@caoxl ~]# yum search redis
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
===================================== N/S matched: redis =====================================
collectd-redis.x86_64 : Redis plugin for collectd
collectd-write_redis.x86_64 : Redis output plugin for collectd
hiredis.x86_64 : Minimalistic C client library for Redis
hiredis-devel.x86_64 : Development files for hiredis
opensips-redis.x86_64 : Redis connector
pcp-pmda-redis.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for Redis
perl-Apache-Session-Redis.noarch : Redis driver for Apache::Session::NoSQL
perl-Redis.noarch : Perl binding for Redis database
php-nrk-Predis.noarch : PHP client library for Redis
php-pecl-redis.x86_64 : Extension for communicating with the Redis key-value store
php-phpiredis.x86_64 : Client extension for Redis
python-redis.noarch : Python 2 interface to the Redis key-value store
python-trollius-redis.noarch : Redis client for the Python event loop PEP3156 for Trollius.
python2-django-redis.noarch : Full featured redis cache backend for Django
redis-trib.noarch : Cluster management script for Redis
rubygem-redis.noarch : A Ruby client library for Redis
rubygem-redis-doc.noarch : Documentation for rubygem-redis
syslog-ng-redis.x86_64 : redis support for syslog-ng
uwsgi-logger-redis.x86_64 : uWSGI - redislog logger plugin
uwsgi-router-redis.x86_64 : uWSGI - Plugin for Redis router support
redis.x86_64 : A persistent key-value database

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

搜索repo的相关命令:

1
2
3
4
5
# Centos 7
yum search {cmd}

# Ubuntu 14.04
apt-cache search {cmd}

command-not-found组件:自动提示命令

command-not-found组件,支持在命令未找到时,提示对应的安装命令语句

command-not-found的安装方法:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
# Centos 7
# yum search command-not-found
yum install -y PackageKit-command-not-found

# Ubuntu 14.04(很可能已预装)
# apt-cache search command-not-found
apt-get install command-not-found

文件反查安装包

果在身边其他的环境中,已经安装了相应的命令或组件,可以通过已安装的文件反查对应的安装包,如查找ss命令:

1
2
3
4
[root@caoxl ~]# which ss
/usr/sbin/ss
[root@caoxl ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/ss
iproute-4.11.0-14.el7.x86_64

反查文件对应安装包的命令:

1
2
3
4
5
# Centos 7
rpm -qf {file}

# Ubuntu 14.04
dpkg -S {file}

另外,ubuntuapt-file命令也支持安装包包含的文件反查安装包,即使未安装该安装包。

当然,终极大招就是:互联网上搜索!

Powered by Hexo and Hexo-theme-hiker

Copyright © 2017 - 2023 Keep It Simple And Stupid All Rights Reserved.

访客数 : | 访问量 :